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Published by Ronald C Martin DDS

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Names: Martin, C. Ronald, author

Disease Zero: How Snoring and Sleep Apnea Shortens Your Life and How to Correct Them / C.

Ronald Martin, DDS

Description: First Edition

Identifiers: ISBN 979-89888723-1-3 (Hardcover print) │ ISBN 979-8-9888723-0-6 (Paperback print)

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NIH Information

All the NIH information in this book came from the “Public” domain Web sites within the

NIH.GOV” website and are considered to be “in the public domain”.

Unless noted otherwise, it is safe to assume that information posted on public Web sites within the

"NIH.GOV" domain are considered to be "in the public domain." As such, you are free to establish

links to NIH on-line resources. In establishing such links, we do ask that you avoid creating the

impression that NIH is endorsing or promoting any particular product or service.

While you can reuse content found on our site, please note that many of our on-line health

publications are continually updated as we learn more about that specific disease or condition.

Occasionally, sites that copy and re-post our materials fail to check for updates, which results in

out-of-date information being offered to users. For that reason, we urge you to link to our resource

documents rather than re-posting. If you do re-post, please check back periodically to see if there

are revisions.

Disclaimer

Placement of a NIH.gov linking graphic or text link on the footer of certain pages (**

NIH.gov) is to be used only as a marker to the NIH.gov home page. A link does not indicate any

form of endorsement or approval from NIH, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human

Services.

NIH.gov (www.NIH.gov) is an online source for credible health information and is the official

Web site of the National Institute of Health (NIH).

Feel free to go to NIH.gov to review, research any and all subjects that are contained in this book.

The NIH.gov site is free to use and is in the public domain. Updated resources and research may

be on the NIH.gov site that may shed more light on the subjects in this book.

Please Note: This book is using the NIH.gov site information as a resource to help inform the

public, and is in no way using the NIH.gov information for endorsing, promoting any product, or

service, that may be contained in this book.

CDC Information: Freedom of Information Act Importance to CDC Mission

All the CDC information in this book came from the “Public” domain Web sites within the

CDC.GOV” website and are considered to be “in the public domain”.

CDC has one overriding goal: to protect the health of all Americans. At the core of this mission is

information sharing – not just health information and disease study results, but information CDC

gathers as part of a continuous process of putting information into action. As a science-based

agency funded by U.S. taxpayers, CDC is committed to openness and accountability.

Information sharing is at the core of CDC’s one overriding goal: to protect the health of all

Americans. To better meet this goal, CDC FOIA is committed to one objective:

While you can reuse content found on our site, please note that many of our on-line health

publications are continually updated as we learn more about that specific disease or condition.

Occasionally, sites that copy and re-post our materials fail to check for updates, which results in

out-of-date information being offered to users. For that reason, we urge you to link to our resource

documents rather than re-posting. If you do re-post, please check back periodically to see if there

are revisions.

Disclaimer:

Placement of a CDC.gov linking graphic or text link on the footer of certain pages (**

CDC.gov) is to be used only as a marker to the CDC.gov home page. A link does not indicate any

form of endorsement or approval from CDC, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human

Services

CDC.gov (www.cdc.gov) is your online source for credible health information and is the official

Web site of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC.gov (www.CDC.gov) is

an online source for credible health information and is the official Web site of the Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention.

Feel free to go to CDC.gov to review, research any and all subjects that are contained in this book.

The CDC.gov site is free to use and is in the public domain. Updated resources and research may

be on the

CDC.gov site that may shed more light on the subjects in this book.

Please Note: This book is using the CDC.gov site information as a resource to help inform the

public, and is in no way using the CDC.gov information for endorsing, promoting any product, or

service, that may be contained in this book.

Parts of Chapters 2 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 – 12 – 13 – 16 – 18 can be found at CDC.gov

Parts of Chapters 3 – 4 – 9 – 10 – 11 – 12 – 13 – 14 – 15 – 17 can be found at NIH.gov

References:

NIH Information

All the NIH information in this book came from the “Public” domain Web sites within the

NIH.GOV” website and are considered to be “in the public domain”.

Unless noted otherwise, it is safe to assume that information posted on public Web sites within the

"NIH.GOV" domain are considered to be "in the public domain." As such, you are free to establish

links to NIH on-line resources. In establishing such links, we do ask that you avoid creating the

impression that NIH is endorsing or promoting any particular product or service.

While you can reuse content found on our site, please note that many of our on-line health

publications are continually updated as we learn more about that specific disease or condition.

Occasionally, sites that copy and re-post our materials fail to check for updates, which results in

out-of-date information being offered to users. For that reason, we urge you to link to our resource

documents rather than re-posting. If you do re-post, please check back periodically to see if there

are revisions.

Disclaimer

Placement of a NIH.gov linking graphic or text link on the footer of certain pages (** NIH.gov) is

to be used only as a marker to the NIH.gov home page. A link does not indicate any form of

endorsement or approval from NIH, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

NIH.gov (www.NIH.gov) is an online source for credible health information and is the official

Web site of the National Institute of Health (NIH).

Feel free to go to NIH.gov to review, research any and all subjects that are contained in this book.

The NIH.gov site is free to use and is in the public domain. Updated resources and research may

be on the NIH.gov site that may shed more light on the subjects in this book.

Please Note: This book is using the NIH.gov site information as a resource to help inform the

public, and is in no way using the NIH.gov information for endorsing, promoting any product, or

service, that may be contained in this book.

Information contained in the parenthesis and brackets on the NIH.gov pages “[Are the Author’s

statements and opinions and Are Not in any form endorsed, associated, linked, or promoted by the

NIH]”

CDC Information: Freedom of Information Act Importance to CDC Mission

All the CDC information in this book came from the “Public” domain Web sites within the

CDC.GOV” website and are considered to be “in the public domain”.

CDC has one overriding goal: to protect the health of all Americans. At the core of this mission is

information sharing – not just health information and disease study results, but information CDC

gathers as part of a continuous process of putting information into action. As a science-based

agency funded by U.S. taxpayers, CDC is committed to openness and accountability.

Information sharing is at the core of CDC’s one overriding goal: to protect the health of all

Americans. To better meet this goal, CDC FOIA is committed to one objective:

While you can reuse content found on our site, please note that many of our on-line health

publications are continually updated as we learn more about that specific disease or condition.

Occasionally, sites that copy and re-post our materials fail to check for updates, which results in

out-of-date information being offered to users. For that reason, we urge you to link to our resource

documents rather than re-posting. If you do re-post, please check back periodically to see if there

are revisions.

Disclaimer:

Placement of a CDC.gov linking graphic or text link on the footer of certain pages (** CDC.gov)

is to be used only as a marker to the CDC.gov home page. A link does not indicate any form of

endorsement or approval from CDC, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

CDC.gov (www.cdc.gov) is your online source for credible health information and is the official

Web site of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC.gov (www.CDC.gov) is

an online source for credible health information and is the official Web site of the Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention.

Feel free to go to CDC.gov to review, research any and all subjects that are contained in this book.

The CDC.gov site is free to use and is in the public domain. Updated resources and research may

be on the CDC.gov site that may shed more light on the subjects in this book.

Please Note: This book is using the CDC.gov site information as a resource to help inform the

public, and is in no way using the CDC.gov information for endorsing, promoting any product, or

service, that may be contained in this book.

Information contained in the parenthesis and brackets on the CDC.gov pages “[Are the Author’s

statements and opinions and Are Not in any form endorsed, associated, linked, or promoted by the

CDC]”

DiseaseZeroBook.com

Chapter 1 References

1 https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/study-reveals-brains-finely-tuned-system-of-energy-

supply

Chapter 2 References

References For The Benefits of Sleep

https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2013/04/benefits-slumber

Benzodiazapines have been shown to increase risk to various health ailments such as

Alzheimer's and GERD.

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159609/

2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879818/?report=reader

References For Sleep and Sleep Disorders

http://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/cant_sleep.html

http://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/how_much_sleep.html

http://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/key_disorders.html

http://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/chronic_disease.html

http://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/sleep_hygiene.html

Knutson KL, Ryden AM, Mander VA, Van Cauter E. Role of sleep duration and quality in

the risk and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1768–1764.

Kasasbeh E, Chi DS, Krishnaswamy G. Inflammatory aspects of sleep apnea and their

cardiovascular consequences. South Med J 2006;99:58–67.

Taheri S. The link between short sleep duration and obesity: We should recommend more

sleep to prevent obesity. Arch Dis Child 2006;91:881–884.

Zimmerman M, McGlinchey JB, Young D, Chelminski I. Diagnosing major depressive

disorder I: A psychometric evaluation of the DSM-IV symptom criteria. J Nerv Ment Dis

2006;194:158–163.

Schwartz DJ, Kohler WC, Karatinos G. Symptoms of depression in individuals with

obstructive sleep apnea may be amenable to treatment with continuous positive airway

pressure. Chest 2005;128:1304–1306.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5835037/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2845795/#R7

http://www.express.co.uk/life-style/health/694377/Confirmed-poor-sleep-makes-you-

more-forgetful-research

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2825714/

References For Just One night of bad sleep can alter your genes

https://associationofanaesthetists-

publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/anae.14533

References For Sleep Duration as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension

and Diabetes Mellitus

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2845795/

References For Sleep Breathing Disorders in the U.S. Female Population

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19627224/

Chapter 3 References

References For What is Sleep Apnea?

http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/sleep_apnea/sleep_apnea.htm

References For What Causes Sleep Apnea?

http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sleepapnea/causes

References For What is a Sleep Study?

http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sleepapnea/causes

References for Sleep Position

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7042812/

References for Sleep Apnea in Children

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24443-obstructive-sleep-apnea-osa

Chapter 4 References

References For How Is Sleep Apnea Treated?

http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sleepapnea/treatment

References For What Is CPAP?

http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cpap

References For Snoring, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, and Surgery

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9927962

Med Clin North Am. 1999 Jan;83(1):85-96.

Barthel SW 1, Strome M.

Chapter 5 References

References For Oxygen, Oxygen, Oxygen

1 https://www.britannica.com/science/oxygen

2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6379287/

3 https://pjammcycling.com/zone/379.All-time-hardest-climbs-of-the-Tour-de-France

4 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470190/

5 https://www.britannica.com/science/homeostasis

6 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482316/

References For Snoring, Intermittent Hypoxia and Academic Performance in Primary

School Children.

7 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12773324

Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Aug 15;168(4):464-8. Epub 2003 May 28. Urschitz MS 1,

Guenther A, Eggebrecht E, Wolff J, Urschitz-Duprat PM, Schlaud M, Poets CF.

References For an epidemiologic study of snoring and all-cause mortality.

8 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493281

Author information Rich J 1, Raviv A, Raviv N, Brietzke SE.

Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Washington, DC 20307, USA.

Chapter 6 References

References for considerable evidence is available in support of an independent association

between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and cardiovascular disease

1 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17197482/

Obstructive Sleep Apnea increases a person's risk of having a heart attack or dying by 30%

2 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070520183533.htm

References For Heart Disease

Kochanek KD, Xu JQ, Murphy SL, Miniño AM, Kung HC. Deaths: final data for 2009[PDF-

500K]. Nat Vital Stat Rep. 2011;60(3).

http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/about.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/coronary_ad.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/healthy_living.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/heart_attack.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/signs_symptoms.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/other_conditions.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/risk_factors.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/conditions.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/behavior.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/family_history.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/medical_conditions.htm

References For Heart Disease Facts

http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_heart_disease.htm

Mozzafarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, et al. on behalf of the American Heart Association

Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke

statistics—2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation.

2016;133:e38-e360.

Mozzafarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, et al. on behalf of the American Heart Association

Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke

Statistics – 2015 Update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation.

2015;131:e29-e322.

Heron M. Deaths: Leading causes for 2008[PDF-2.7M]. National vital statistics reports.

2012;60(6).

Heidenriech PA, Trogdon JG, Khavjou OA, Butler J, Dracup K, Ezekowitz MD, et al.

Forecasting the future of cardiovascular disease in the United States: a policy statement

from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123(8):933–44.

CDC. Million Hearts™: strategies to reduce the prevalence of leading cardiovascular

disease risk factors. United States, 2011. MMWR 2011;60(36):1248–51.

References For Heart Disease Facts in Men

http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_men_heart.htm

1. Xu, JQ, Murphy, SL., Kochanek, KD, Bastian, BA. Deaths: Final data for 2013. National

Vital Statistics Report. 2016:64(2).

2. Heron M. Deaths: Leading causes for 2008[PDF-2.7M]. National vital statistics reports.

2012;60(6).

3. Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al. Heart

disease and stroke statistics—2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association.

Circulation. 2012;125(1):e2–220.

4. CDC. Million Hearts™: strategies to reduce the prevalence of leading cardiovascular

disease risk factors. United States, 2011. MMWR 2011;60(36):1248–51.

References For Women and Heart Disease Fact Sheet

http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_women_heart.htm

Xu, JQ, Murphy, SL., Kochanek, KD, Bastian, BA. Deaths: Final data for 2013. National

Vital Statistics Report. 2016:64(2).

Mosca L, Mochari-Greenberger H, Dolor RJ, Newby LK, Robb KJ. Twelve-year follow-

up of American women’s awareness of cardiovascular disease risk and barriers to heart

health. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality Outcomes. 2010;3:120-7.

Heron M. Deaths: Leading causes for 2008[PDF-2.7M]. National vital statistics reports.

2012;60(6).

Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al. Heart

disease and stroke statistics—2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association.

Circulation. 2012;125(1):e2–220.

CDC. Million Hearts: strategies to reduce the prevalence of leading cardiovascular disease

risk factors. United States, 2011. MMWR 2011;60(36):1248–51.

National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Heart

Disease? [cited 2013 July 19, 2013]; Available from: www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-

topics/hdw/signs.html.

National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. What are the Signs and Symptoms of a Stroke?

[cited 2013 July 19, 2013]; Available from: www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-

topics/topics/stroke/signs.html.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health. Heart

Disease: Frequently Asked Questions. 2009. [cited 2013 July 19, 2013]; Available from:

http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/heart-

disease.pdf[PDF-1.7M].

Chapter 7 References

References for Sleep apnea has clearly been demonstrated to be an independent risk factor

for development of hypertension

1 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17256631/

References for Sleep apnea likely to lead to hypertension

2 https://news.wisc.edu/sleep-apnea-likely-to-lead-to-hypertension/

References For High Blood Pressure

http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/effects.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/signs_symptoms.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/measure.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/control.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/risk_factors.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/conditions.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/

http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/family_history.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/behavior.htm

Guide to Community Preventive Services. Cardiovascular disease prevention and control: team-

based care to improve blood pressure control Web site. Accessed June 24, 2014.

National High Blood Pressure Education Program. The Seventh Report of the Joint National

Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure[PDF -

223K]. Bethesda, MD: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 2003.

Vasan RS, Beiser A, Seshadri S, et al. Residual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in middle-

aged women and men: the Framingham Heart Study. JAMA. 2002;287(10):1003–1010.

Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, et al; the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and

Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2013 update: a report from the

American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013;127:e6-245.

References For High Blood Pressure Fact Sheet

http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_bloodpressure.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.

Underlying Cause of Death 1999-2013 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released

2015. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2013, as compiled from data

provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative

Program: http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html. Accessed on Feb 3, 2015.

Farley TA, Dalal MA, Mostashari F, Frieden TR. Deaths preventable in the U.S. by

improvements in the use of clinical preventive services. Am J Prev Med. 2010;38(6):600–

9.

Nwankwo T, Yoon SS, Burt V, Gu Q. Hypertension among adults in the US: National

Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012. NCHS Data Brief, No. 133.

Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention, US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2013

Chapter 8 References

References for Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability

1https://journals.lww.com/jnnonline/Abstract/2016/06000/Obstructive_Sleep_Apnea_as_an_Indep

endent_Stroke.5.aspx

References for What Is The Connection Between Sleep Apnea, Stroke And Death

2 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090106100009.htm

References For Stroke

http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/types_of_stroke.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/behavior.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/conditions.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/healthy_living.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/medical_conditions.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/recovery.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs_symptoms.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/family_history.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/treatments.htm

Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al. Heart

disease and stroke statistics—2013 update: a report from the American Heart

Association. Circulation. 2012:e2–241.

American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. TIA (Transient Ischemic

Attack).

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Brain Basics: Preventing Stroke

Accessed December 4, 2013.

American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Understanding Risk Web site.

Accessed December 4, 2013.

Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al. Heart

disease and stroke statistics—2013 update: a report from the American Heart

Association. Circulation. 2012:e2–241.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PAStroke Study Group. Tissue

plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1581–7.

Marler JR, Tilley BC, Lu M, Brott TG, Lyden PC, Grotta JC, et al. Early stroke treatment

associated with better stroke outcome: the NINDS rt-PA stroke study. Neurology.

2000;55:1649–55.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Stroke: Challenges, Progress,

and Promise. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2009.

American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke Treatments. 2013.

Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al. Heart

disease and stroke statistics—2013 update: a report from the American Heart

Association. Circulation. 2012:e2–241.

Lambert M. Practice Guidelines: AHA/ASA guidelines on prevention of recurrent stroke.

Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(8):993–1001.

References For Stroke Fact Sheet

http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_stroke.htm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Underlying

Cause of Death 1999-2013 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released 2015. Data are from the

Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2013, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital

statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program:

http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html. Accessed on Feb 3, 2015.

Mozzafarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, et al. on behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics

Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2016 update:

a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;133:e38-e360.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29024109/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6454390/

References For Cardiovascular Risk of Proton Pump Inhibitors

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6822659/

Chapter 9 References

Prevalence of Arrhythmias in Sleep Apnea

1 https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.05.002?articleid=1139136

References for Atrial Fibrillation Decreased right and left ventricular myocardial

performance in obstructive sleep apnea

2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17908706/

References For What is an Arrhythmia

https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/arrhythmias

References For Atrial Fibrillation Fact Sheet

http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_atrial_fibrillation.htm

January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, Calkins H, Cigarroa JE, Cleveland JC Jr, et al. 2014

AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal

of the American College of Cardiology. 2014;64(21):2246–80.

Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, et al. Heart

disease and stroke statistics—2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association.

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Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Weighted national estimates. HCUP

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About multiple cause of death 1999–2011.

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Chapter 19 References

References for Numerous Dead Celebrates deaths which are linked to the ailments examined

in this book

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2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4865546

3 https://www.sportscasting.com/reggie-whites-tragic-death-shocked-the-eagles-and-packers/

4 http://www.reggiewhitefoundation.org/default.asp

5 http://www.dailynews.com/obituaries/20160411/radio-veteran-doug-banks-dies-at-57

6 http://www.tmz.com/2016/08/10/espns-john-saunders-dead-at-61/

7 https://www.tampabay.com/news/obituaries/chyna-died-of-accidental-overdose-of-valium-and-

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8 https://www.azdesertswarm.com/football/2016/9/27/13083828/arizona-wildcats-football-zach-

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9 https://www.thewrap.com/scott-marshall-ink-maskter-heroin-overdose-spike-tv/

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