References and Disclaimers
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Names: Martin, C. Ronald, author
Disease Zero: How Snoring and Sleep Apnea Shortens Your Life and How to Correct Them / C.
Ronald Martin, DDS
Description: First Edition
Identifiers: ISBN 979-89888723-1-3 (Hardcover print) │ ISBN 979-8-9888723-0-6 (Paperback print)
First Edition: November 2023
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NIH Information
All the NIH information in this book came from the “Public” domain Web sites within the
“NIH.GOV” website and are considered to be “in the public domain”.
Unless noted otherwise, it is safe to assume that information posted on public Web sites within the
"NIH.GOV" domain are considered to be "in the public domain." As such, you are free to establish
links to NIH on-line resources. In establishing such links, we do ask that you avoid creating the
impression that NIH is endorsing or promoting any particular product or service.
While you can reuse content found on our site, please note that many of our on-line health
publications are continually updated as we learn more about that specific disease or condition.
Occasionally, sites that copy and re-post our materials fail to check for updates, which results in
out-of-date information being offered to users. For that reason, we urge you to link to our resource
documents rather than re-posting. If you do re-post, please check back periodically to see if there
are revisions.
Disclaimer
Placement of a NIH.gov linking graphic or text link on the footer of certain pages (**
NIH.gov) is to be used only as a marker to the NIH.gov home page. A link does not indicate any
form of endorsement or approval from NIH, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services.
NIH.gov (www.NIH.gov) is an online source for credible health information and is the official
Web site of the National Institute of Health (NIH).
Feel free to go to NIH.gov to review, research any and all subjects that are contained in this book.
The NIH.gov site is free to use and is in the public domain. Updated resources and research may
be on the NIH.gov site that may shed more light on the subjects in this book.
Please Note: This book is using the NIH.gov site information as a resource to help inform the
public, and is in no way using the NIH.gov information for endorsing, promoting any product, or
service, that may be contained in this book.
CDC Information: Freedom of Information Act Importance to CDC Mission
All the CDC information in this book came from the “Public” domain Web sites within the
“CDC.GOV” website and are considered to be “in the public domain”.
CDC has one overriding goal: to protect the health of all Americans. At the core of this mission is
information sharing – not just health information and disease study results, but information CDC
gathers as part of a continuous process of putting information into action. As a science-based
agency funded by U.S. taxpayers, CDC is committed to openness and accountability.
Information sharing is at the core of CDC’s one overriding goal: to protect the health of all
Americans. To better meet this goal, CDC FOIA is committed to one objective:
While you can reuse content found on our site, please note that many of our on-line health
publications are continually updated as we learn more about that specific disease or condition.
Occasionally, sites that copy and re-post our materials fail to check for updates, which results in
out-of-date information being offered to users. For that reason, we urge you to link to our resource
documents rather than re-posting. If you do re-post, please check back periodically to see if there
are revisions.
Disclaimer:
Placement of a CDC.gov linking graphic or text link on the footer of certain pages (**
CDC.gov) is to be used only as a marker to the CDC.gov home page. A link does not indicate any
form of endorsement or approval from CDC, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services
CDC.gov (www.cdc.gov) is your online source for credible health information and is the official
Web site of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC.gov (www.CDC.gov) is
an online source for credible health information and is the official Web site of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention.
Feel free to go to CDC.gov to review, research any and all subjects that are contained in this book.
The CDC.gov site is free to use and is in the public domain. Updated resources and research may
be on the
CDC.gov site that may shed more light on the subjects in this book.
Please Note: This book is using the CDC.gov site information as a resource to help inform the
public, and is in no way using the CDC.gov information for endorsing, promoting any product, or
service, that may be contained in this book.
Parts of Chapters 2 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 – 10 – 12 – 13 – 16 – 18 can be found at CDC.gov
Parts of Chapters 3 – 4 – 9 – 10 – 11 – 12 – 13 – 14 – 15 – 17 can be found at NIH.gov
References:
NIH Information
All the NIH information in this book came from the “Public” domain Web sites within the
“NIH.GOV” website and are considered to be “in the public domain”.
Unless noted otherwise, it is safe to assume that information posted on public Web sites within the
"NIH.GOV" domain are considered to be "in the public domain." As such, you are free to establish
links to NIH on-line resources. In establishing such links, we do ask that you avoid creating the
impression that NIH is endorsing or promoting any particular product or service.
While you can reuse content found on our site, please note that many of our on-line health
publications are continually updated as we learn more about that specific disease or condition.
Occasionally, sites that copy and re-post our materials fail to check for updates, which results in
out-of-date information being offered to users. For that reason, we urge you to link to our resource
documents rather than re-posting. If you do re-post, please check back periodically to see if there
are revisions.
Disclaimer
Placement of a NIH.gov linking graphic or text link on the footer of certain pages (** NIH.gov) is
to be used only as a marker to the NIH.gov home page. A link does not indicate any form of
endorsement or approval from NIH, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
NIH.gov (www.NIH.gov) is an online source for credible health information and is the official
Web site of the National Institute of Health (NIH).
Feel free to go to NIH.gov to review, research any and all subjects that are contained in this book.
The NIH.gov site is free to use and is in the public domain. Updated resources and research may
be on the NIH.gov site that may shed more light on the subjects in this book.
Please Note: This book is using the NIH.gov site information as a resource to help inform the
public, and is in no way using the NIH.gov information for endorsing, promoting any product, or
service, that may be contained in this book.
Information contained in the parenthesis and brackets on the NIH.gov pages “[Are the Author’s
statements and opinions and Are Not in any form endorsed, associated, linked, or promoted by the
NIH]”
CDC Information: Freedom of Information Act Importance to CDC Mission
All the CDC information in this book came from the “Public” domain Web sites within the
“CDC.GOV” website and are considered to be “in the public domain”.
CDC has one overriding goal: to protect the health of all Americans. At the core of this mission is
information sharing – not just health information and disease study results, but information CDC
gathers as part of a continuous process of putting information into action. As a science-based
agency funded by U.S. taxpayers, CDC is committed to openness and accountability.
Information sharing is at the core of CDC’s one overriding goal: to protect the health of all
Americans. To better meet this goal, CDC FOIA is committed to one objective:
While you can reuse content found on our site, please note that many of our on-line health
publications are continually updated as we learn more about that specific disease or condition.
Occasionally, sites that copy and re-post our materials fail to check for updates, which results in
out-of-date information being offered to users. For that reason, we urge you to link to our resource
documents rather than re-posting. If you do re-post, please check back periodically to see if there
are revisions.
Disclaimer:
Placement of a CDC.gov linking graphic or text link on the footer of certain pages (** CDC.gov)
is to be used only as a marker to the CDC.gov home page. A link does not indicate any form of
endorsement or approval from CDC, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
CDC.gov (www.cdc.gov) is your online source for credible health information and is the official
Web site of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC.gov (www.CDC.gov) is
an online source for credible health information and is the official Web site of the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention.
Feel free to go to CDC.gov to review, research any and all subjects that are contained in this book.
The CDC.gov site is free to use and is in the public domain. Updated resources and research may
be on the CDC.gov site that may shed more light on the subjects in this book.
Please Note: This book is using the CDC.gov site information as a resource to help inform the
public, and is in no way using the CDC.gov information for endorsing, promoting any product, or
service, that may be contained in this book.
Information contained in the parenthesis and brackets on the CDC.gov pages “[Are the Author’s
statements and opinions and Are Not in any form endorsed, associated, linked, or promoted by the
CDC]”
Chapter 1 References
1 https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/study-reveals-brains-finely-tuned-system-of-energy-
supply
Chapter 2 References
References For The Benefits of Sleep
https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2013/04/benefits-slumber
Benzodiazapines have been shown to increase risk to various health ailments such as
Alzheimer's and GERD.
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159609/
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879818/?report=reader
References For Sleep and Sleep Disorders
http://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/cant_sleep.html
http://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/how_much_sleep.html
http://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/key_disorders.html
http://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/chronic_disease.html
http://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/sleep_hygiene.html
Knutson KL, Ryden AM, Mander VA, Van Cauter E. Role of sleep duration and quality in
the risk and severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:1768–1764.
Kasasbeh E, Chi DS, Krishnaswamy G. Inflammatory aspects of sleep apnea and their
cardiovascular consequences. South Med J 2006;99:58–67.
Taheri S. The link between short sleep duration and obesity: We should recommend more
sleep to prevent obesity. Arch Dis Child 2006;91:881–884.
Zimmerman M, McGlinchey JB, Young D, Chelminski I. Diagnosing major depressive
disorder I: A psychometric evaluation of the DSM-IV symptom criteria. J Nerv Ment Dis
2006;194:158–163.
Schwartz DJ, Kohler WC, Karatinos G. Symptoms of depression in individuals with
obstructive sleep apnea may be amenable to treatment with continuous positive airway
pressure. Chest 2005;128:1304–1306.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5835037/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2845795/#R7
http://www.express.co.uk/life-style/health/694377/Confirmed-poor-sleep-makes-you-
more-forgetful-research
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2825714/
References For Just One night of bad sleep can alter your genes
https://associationofanaesthetists-
publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/anae.14533
References For Sleep Duration as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease, Hypertension
and Diabetes Mellitus
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2845795/
References For Sleep Breathing Disorders in the U.S. Female Population
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19627224/
Chapter 3 References
References For What is Sleep Apnea?
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/sleep_apnea/sleep_apnea.htm
References For What Causes Sleep Apnea?
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sleepapnea/causes
References For What is a Sleep Study?
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sleepapnea/causes
References for Sleep Position
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7042812/
References for Sleep Apnea in Children
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24443-obstructive-sleep-apnea-osa
Chapter 4 References
References For How Is Sleep Apnea Treated?
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sleepapnea/treatment
References For What Is CPAP?
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cpap
References For Snoring, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, and Surgery
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9927962
Med Clin North Am. 1999 Jan;83(1):85-96.
Barthel SW 1, Strome M.
Chapter 5 References
References For Oxygen, Oxygen, Oxygen
1 https://www.britannica.com/science/oxygen
2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6379287/
3 https://pjammcycling.com/zone/379.All-time-hardest-climbs-of-the-Tour-de-France
4 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470190/
5 https://www.britannica.com/science/homeostasis
6 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482316/
References For Snoring, Intermittent Hypoxia and Academic Performance in Primary
School Children.
7 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12773324
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Aug 15;168(4):464-8. Epub 2003 May 28. Urschitz MS 1,
Guenther A, Eggebrecht E, Wolff J, Urschitz-Duprat PM, Schlaud M, Poets CF.
References For an epidemiologic study of snoring and all-cause mortality.
8 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493281
Author information Rich J 1, Raviv A, Raviv N, Brietzke SE.
Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Washington, DC 20307, USA.
Chapter 6 References
References for considerable evidence is available in support of an independent association
between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and cardiovascular disease
1 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17197482/
Obstructive Sleep Apnea increases a person's risk of having a heart attack or dying by 30%
2 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/05/070520183533.htm
References For Heart Disease
Kochanek KD, Xu JQ, Murphy SL, Miniño AM, Kung HC. Deaths: final data for 2009[PDF-
500K]. Nat Vital Stat Rep. 2011;60(3).
http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/about.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/coronary_ad.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/healthy_living.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/heart_attack.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/signs_symptoms.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/other_conditions.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/risk_factors.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/conditions.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/behavior.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/family_history.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/medical_conditions.htm
References For Heart Disease Facts
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_heart_disease.htm
Mozzafarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, et al. on behalf of the American Heart Association
Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke
statistics—2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation.
2016;133:e38-e360.
Mozzafarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, et al. on behalf of the American Heart Association
Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke
Statistics – 2015 Update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation.
2015;131:e29-e322.
Heron M. Deaths: Leading causes for 2008[PDF-2.7M]. National vital statistics reports.
2012;60(6).
Heidenriech PA, Trogdon JG, Khavjou OA, Butler J, Dracup K, Ezekowitz MD, et al.
Forecasting the future of cardiovascular disease in the United States: a policy statement
from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123(8):933–44.
CDC. Million Hearts™: strategies to reduce the prevalence of leading cardiovascular
disease risk factors. United States, 2011. MMWR 2011;60(36):1248–51.
References For Heart Disease Facts in Men
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_men_heart.htm
1. Xu, JQ, Murphy, SL., Kochanek, KD, Bastian, BA. Deaths: Final data for 2013. National
Vital Statistics Report. 2016:64(2).
2. Heron M. Deaths: Leading causes for 2008[PDF-2.7M]. National vital statistics reports.
2012;60(6).
3. Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al. Heart
disease and stroke statistics—2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association.
Circulation. 2012;125(1):e2–220.
4. CDC. Million Hearts™: strategies to reduce the prevalence of leading cardiovascular
disease risk factors. United States, 2011. MMWR 2011;60(36):1248–51.
References For Women and Heart Disease Fact Sheet
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_women_heart.htm
Xu, JQ, Murphy, SL., Kochanek, KD, Bastian, BA. Deaths: Final data for 2013. National
Vital Statistics Report. 2016:64(2).
Mosca L, Mochari-Greenberger H, Dolor RJ, Newby LK, Robb KJ. Twelve-year follow-
up of American women’s awareness of cardiovascular disease risk and barriers to heart
health. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality Outcomes. 2010;3:120-7.
Heron M. Deaths: Leading causes for 2008[PDF-2.7M]. National vital statistics reports.
2012;60(6).
Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al. Heart
disease and stroke statistics—2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association.
Circulation. 2012;125(1):e2–220.
CDC. Million Hearts: strategies to reduce the prevalence of leading cardiovascular disease
risk factors. United States, 2011. MMWR 2011;60(36):1248–51.
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Heart
Disease? [cited 2013 July 19, 2013]; Available from: www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-
topics/hdw/signs.html.
National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. What are the Signs and Symptoms of a Stroke?
[cited 2013 July 19, 2013]; Available from: www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-
topics/topics/stroke/signs.html.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health. Heart
Disease: Frequently Asked Questions. 2009. [cited 2013 July 19, 2013]; Available from:
http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/heart-
disease.pdf[PDF-1.7M].
Chapter 7 References
References for Sleep apnea has clearly been demonstrated to be an independent risk factor
for development of hypertension
1 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17256631/
References for Sleep apnea likely to lead to hypertension
2 https://news.wisc.edu/sleep-apnea-likely-to-lead-to-hypertension/
References For High Blood Pressure
http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/effects.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/signs_symptoms.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/measure.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/control.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/risk_factors.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/conditions.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/
http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/family_history.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/behavior.htm
Guide to Community Preventive Services. Cardiovascular disease prevention and control: team-
based care to improve blood pressure control Web site. Accessed June 24, 2014.
National High Blood Pressure Education Program. The Seventh Report of the Joint National
Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure[PDF -
223K]. Bethesda, MD: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 2003.
Vasan RS, Beiser A, Seshadri S, et al. Residual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in middle-
aged women and men: the Framingham Heart Study. JAMA. 2002;287(10):1003–1010.
Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, et al; the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and
Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2013 update: a report from the
American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013;127:e6-245.
References For High Blood Pressure Fact Sheet
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_bloodpressure.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.
Underlying Cause of Death 1999-2013 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released
2015. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2013, as compiled from data
provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative
Program: http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html. Accessed on Feb 3, 2015.
Farley TA, Dalal MA, Mostashari F, Frieden TR. Deaths preventable in the U.S. by
improvements in the use of clinical preventive services. Am J Prev Med. 2010;38(6):600–
9.
Nwankwo T, Yoon SS, Burt V, Gu Q. Hypertension among adults in the US: National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2012. NCHS Data Brief, No. 133.
Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2013
Chapter 8 References
References for Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability
1https://journals.lww.com/jnnonline/Abstract/2016/06000/Obstructive_Sleep_Apnea_as_an_Indep
endent_Stroke.5.aspx
References for What Is The Connection Between Sleep Apnea, Stroke And Death
2 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090106100009.htm
References For Stroke
http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/types_of_stroke.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/behavior.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/conditions.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/healthy_living.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/medical_conditions.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/recovery.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/signs_symptoms.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/family_history.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/treatments.htm
Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al. Heart
disease and stroke statistics—2013 update: a report from the American Heart
Association. Circulation. 2012:e2–241.
American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. TIA (Transient Ischemic
Attack).
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Brain Basics: Preventing Stroke
Accessed December 4, 2013.
American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Understanding Risk Web site.
Accessed December 4, 2013.
Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al. Heart
disease and stroke statistics—2013 update: a report from the American Heart
Association. Circulation. 2012:e2–241.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PAStroke Study Group. Tissue
plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1581–7.
Marler JR, Tilley BC, Lu M, Brott TG, Lyden PC, Grotta JC, et al. Early stroke treatment
associated with better stroke outcome: the NINDS rt-PA stroke study. Neurology.
2000;55:1649–55.
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Stroke: Challenges, Progress,
and Promise. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2009.
American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke Treatments. 2013.
Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, et al. Heart
disease and stroke statistics—2013 update: a report from the American Heart
Association. Circulation. 2012:e2–241.
Lambert M. Practice Guidelines: AHA/ASA guidelines on prevention of recurrent stroke.
Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(8):993–1001.
References For Stroke Fact Sheet
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_stroke.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Underlying
Cause of Death 1999-2013 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released 2015. Data are from the
Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2013, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital
statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program:
http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html. Accessed on Feb 3, 2015.
Mozzafarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, et al. on behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics
Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2016 update:
a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;133:e38-e360.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29024109/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6454390/
References For Cardiovascular Risk of Proton Pump Inhibitors
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6822659/
Chapter 9 References
Prevalence of Arrhythmias in Sleep Apnea
1 https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.05.002?articleid=1139136
References for Atrial Fibrillation Decreased right and left ventricular myocardial
performance in obstructive sleep apnea
2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17908706/
References For What is an Arrhythmia
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/arrhythmias
References For Atrial Fibrillation Fact Sheet
http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_atrial_fibrillation.htm
January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, Calkins H, Cigarroa JE, Cleveland JC Jr, et al. 2014
AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation. Journal
of the American College of Cardiology. 2014;64(21):2246–80.
Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, et al. Heart
disease and stroke statistics—2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association.
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Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Weighted national estimates. HCUP
National Inpatient Sample [online]. 2012. [cited 2015 Feb 9]. Available from:
http://hcupnet.ahrq.gov/HCUPnet.jsp
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About multiple cause of death 1999–2011.
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References for Sleep apnea is associated with a significantly increased risk of dementia
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References for the relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Alzheimer’s Disease
2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6542637/
References For What is Dementia?
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/dementias/dementia.htm
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References For What is Alzheimer’s Disease?
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Hebert LE, Weuve J, Scherr PA, Evans DL. Alzheimer disease in the United States (2010–
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References for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome may probably help to explain the
increased risk in Parkinson Disease patients
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References For Tremors
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Chapter 12 References
References Depression for Men and Women
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References Chronic Fatigue
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References Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: How Does It Affect Sleep
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References Cannabis Use Disorder and Subsequent Risk of Psychotic and Nonpsychotic
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https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/atrisk
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/diagnosis
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/treatment
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Chapter 15 References
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References for Diabetes and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
1 https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/22/1/156.full
2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2121154/
3 https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/22/1/161.full
References For Diabetes
https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/diabetes.html
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https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/prediabetes.html
https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/what-is-type-1-diabetes.html
https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/index.html
https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/type2.html
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Chapter 18 References
References for Alcohol and the risk of sleep apnea
1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5840512/
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– 2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 9th Edition, Washington, DC; 2020.
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period and the risk of unintended pregnancy: Implications for women and their children.
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Chapter 19 References
References for Numerous Dead Celebrates deaths which are linked to the ailments examined
in this book
1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542950/
2 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4865546
3 https://www.sportscasting.com/reggie-whites-tragic-death-shocked-the-eagles-and-packers/
4 http://www.reggiewhitefoundation.org/default.asp
5 http://www.dailynews.com/obituaries/20160411/radio-veteran-doug-banks-dies-at-57
6 http://www.tmz.com/2016/08/10/espns-john-saunders-dead-at-61/
7 https://www.tampabay.com/news/obituaries/chyna-died-of-accidental-overdose-of-valium-and-
ambien-her-manager-says/2274968/
8 https://www.azdesertswarm.com/football/2016/9/27/13083828/arizona-wildcats-football-zach-
hemmila-cause-of-death-ruled-accident-toxic-combination-medications
9 https://www.thewrap.com/scott-marshall-ink-maskter-heroin-overdose-spike-tv/
10 https://theundefeated.com/features/the-nba-seeks-to-address-a-spiking-problem-with-heart-
disease/
11 https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpheart.00285.2015
Chapter 20 References
References For Reversing Ailments
1 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-3644980/Scientists-REVERSE-memory-loss-time-
Alzheimer-s-patients-changes-sleep-diet-medication-exercise.htm
2 https://arcr.niaaa.nih.gov/volume/41/1/natural-recovery-liver-and-other-organs-after-chronic-
alcohol-use
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